{"id":367,"date":"2024-05-28T11:00:25","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T11:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hwlegal.cz\/?p=367"},"modified":"2024-05-28T20:51:52","modified_gmt":"2024-05-28T20:51:52","slug":"poklad-prava-povinnosti-nalezce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hwlegal.cz\/en\/poklad-prava-povinnosti-nalezce\/","title":{"rendered":"Co d\u011blat, kdy\u017e najdete v\u011bc, zv\u00ed\u0159e nebo poklad?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Co kdy\u017e najdu v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 nikomu nepat\u0159\u00ed? T\u0159eba poklad. Mohu si ho nechat nebo n\u011bkam p\u0159edat? Jak\u00e1 jsou pr\u00e1va a povinnosti n\u00e1lezce?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bc opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 vs. v\u011bc ztracen\u00e1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 v\u011bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm v\u011bci<\/strong> vlastn\u00edk projev\u00ed v\u016fli neb\u00fdt nad\u00e1le vlastn\u00edkem v\u011bci. Pokud jde o movitou<\/strong> v\u011bc, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bc\u00ed bez vlastn\u00edka \u2013 nikomu nepat\u0159\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemovit\u00e9<\/strong> v\u011bci je to jinak \u2013 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 do vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud tomu nebr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vo jin\u00e9ho nebo z\u00e1kon, v\u011bc bez vlastn\u00edka si m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli p\u0159ivlastnit \u2013 t\u00edm \u017ee \u201eovl\u00e1dne\u201c v\u011bc a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ji chce \u201em\u00edt pro sebe\u201c. Nap\u0159. pokud by n\u011bkdo odhodil sv\u016fj star\u00fd svetr (bylo by z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee v\u011bc neztratil, ani si ji n\u011bkde neulo\u017eil, ale zkr\u00e1tka ji opustil), mohl by n\u011bkdo jin\u00fd svetr zvednout a za\u010d\u00edt ho pou\u017e\u00edvat jako sv\u016fj. T\u00edm by nabyl vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo k svetru p\u0159ivlastn\u011bn\u00edm. Jak by tomu ale bylo u pokladu?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ztracen\u00e1 v\u011bc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ztr\u00e1tou v\u011bci<\/strong> vlastn\u00edk o sv\u00e9 vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed, pouze p\u0159estane b\u00fdt dr\u017eitelem \u2013 p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bc fakticky ovl\u00e1dat a nev\u00ed, kde se v\u011bc nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Pokud si vlastn\u00edk v\u011bc jen odlo\u017e\u00ed na ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edsto, nejedn\u00e1 se o v\u011bc ztracenou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 rozli\u0161it, zda je v\u011bc opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 nebo ztracen\u00e1. Jako nap\u0159\u00edklad vz\u00e1cn\u00fd poklad. Z\u00e1kon proto stanovuje vyvratitelnou domn\u011bnku, \u017ee v\u011bc nen\u00ed opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1<\/strong>. K v\u011bci, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na ve\u0159ejn\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, se tedy mus\u00edme chovat tak, jako by m\u011bla vlastn\u00edka \u2013 nap\u0159. kolo postaven\u00e9 p\u0159ed kinem, pes uv\u00e1zan\u00fd p\u0159ed obchodem. Pokud by bylo zjevn\u00e9, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o ztracenou v\u011bc (nap\u0159. snubn\u00ed prst\u00fdnek na chodn\u00edku), st\u00e1v\u00e1me se n\u00e1lezci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdo je n\u00e1lezce?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ten, kdo ztracenou v\u011bc spat\u0159\u00ed, identifikuje ji jako ztracenou, a za\u010dne v\u011bc fakticky ovl\u00e1dat (nap\u0159. ji zvedne a odnese). N\u00e1lezce se nest\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00edkem<\/strong>, proto\u017ee mu chyb\u00ed v\u016fle \u201em\u00edt v\u011bc pro sebe\u201c. V\u00fdjimkou by byl p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se skute\u010dn\u00fd vlastn\u00edk nep\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed do 1 roku od vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1lezu. Pak by se n\u00e1lezce stal poctiv\u00fdm dr\u017eitelem, a po uplynut\u00ed 3 let by nabyl vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo vydr\u017een\u00edm<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 povinnosti n\u00e1lezce?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1lezce mus\u00ed v\u011bc odevzdat tomu, kdo ji ztratil, nebo vlastn\u00edkovi. Pokud v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, komu v\u011bc vr\u00e1tit, ozn\u00e1m\u00ed<\/strong> n\u00e1lezce n\u00e1lez na obecn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159ad\u011b obce, na jej\u00edm\u017e \u00fazem\u00ed v\u011bc nalezl, a to do 3 dn\u016f od n\u00e1lezu. Pokud byla v\u011bc nalezen\u00e1 ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 budov\u011b \u010di ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m dopravn\u00edm prost\u0159edku, n\u00e1lezce v\u011bc odevzd\u00e1 provozovateli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obec n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyhl\u00e1s\u00ed n\u00e1lez<\/strong>, a to typicky ozn\u00e1men\u00edm na \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed desce. U v\u011bc\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hodnoty obvykle dal\u0161\u00ed kroky nepodnik\u00e1. Pokud jde o v\u011bc zna\u010dn\u00e9 hodnoty, obec m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159. ozn\u00e1mit n\u00e1lez<\/a> v m\u00e9di\u00edch \u010di vylepen\u00edm plak\u00e1t\u016f. Stejn\u011b by postupoval i provozovatel ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho dopravn\u00edho prost\u0159edku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do t\u00e9 doby, ne\u017e se p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed vlastn\u00edk (nebo ten, kdo v\u011bc ztratil), se nalezen\u00e1 v\u011bc uschov\u00e1. Pokud je \u00faschova komplikovan\u00e1, v\u011bc podl\u00e9h\u00e1 rychl\u00e9 zk\u00e1ze, nebo je jinak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 ji uschovat, je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bc prodat. Vlastn\u00edkovi (nebo tomu, kdo v\u011bc ztratil) by pak n\u00e1le\u017eel v\u00fdt\u011b\u017eek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e1 m\u00e1 pr\u00e1va n\u00e1lezce?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1lezce m\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na odm\u011bnu. N\u00e1lezn\u00e9 \u010din\u00ed 10 % ceny<\/strong> n\u00e1lezu. Pokud m\u00e1 v\u0161ak v\u011bc cenu jen pro vlastn\u00edka (nebo toho, kdo ji ztratil), n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1lezci n\u00e1lezn\u00e9 podle slu\u0161n\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1lezci t\u00e9\u017e n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1hrada n\u00e1klad\u016f nutn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 mu vznikly v souvislosti s nalezen\u00edm v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co kdy\u017e n\u00e1lezce n\u00e1lez zataj\u00ed?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mu nen\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1lezn\u00e9, ani \u00fahrada n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 mu vznikly, nem\u016f\u017ee k v\u011bci nab\u00fdt vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo, ani nesm\u00ed v\u011bc u\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 je povinen k n\u00e1hrad\u011b \u0161kody, kterou zp\u016fsobil na v\u011bci, i t\u00edm, \u017ee n\u00e1lez neozn\u00e1mil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozor!<\/strong> M\u016f\u017ee se jednat i o trestn\u00fd \u010din zatajen\u00ed v\u011bci<\/strong>, jde-li o v\u011bc v hodnot\u011b od 10.000 K\u010d. Pachateli hroz\u00ed trest a\u017e 1 rok v\u011bzen\u00ed nebo z\u00e1kaz \u010dinnosti. Pokud by \u0161lo o v\u011bc v hodnot\u011b od 1 mil. K\u010d, trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk stanov\u00ed dokonce trest odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody od \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f do 5 let.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak je to s n\u00e1lezem zv\u00ed\u0159ete?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pokud je nalezeno zv\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00e9 zjevn\u011b m\u011blo vlastn\u00edka, n\u00e1lez se op\u011bt oznamuje obci, v n\u00ed\u017e jste zv\u00ed\u0159e nalezli. Osoba, kter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159e opatruje, dokud nen\u00ed navr\u00e1ceno vlastn\u00edkovi, o n\u011bj pe\u010duje jako \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159. Toto se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159at dom\u00e1c\u00edch \u010di zajat\u00fdch \u2013 nikoli divok\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159at ur\u010den\u00fdch k z\u00e1jmov\u00e9mu chovu<\/strong> plat\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pravidlo. Zv\u00ed\u0159ata v z\u00e1jmov\u00e9m chovu jsou takov\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, chovan\u00e1 v dom\u00e1cnosti, pro pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed a jako spole\u010dn\u00edk, ne za \u00fa\u010delem zisku \u2013 m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edt o andulky, psy, ko\u010dky. Pokud by se vlastn\u00edk (\u010di ten, kdo zv\u00ed\u0159e ztratil) nep\u0159ihl\u00e1sil do 2 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f od vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1lezu, stane se vlastn\u00edkem<\/strong> zv\u00ed\u0159ete n\u00e1lezce. Pokud by zv\u00ed\u0159e vlastnit necht\u011bl, sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed obec zv\u00ed\u0159e do \u00fatulku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poklad nalezen – Jak je to s n\u00e1lezem skryt\u00e9 v\u011bci?<\/strong> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: co kdy\u017e n\u011bkdo vykope poklad? Pokud ho n\u00e1lezce nap\u0159. vykope na zahrad\u011b, nebo jej najde zazd\u011bn\u00fd ve sklep\u011b, jedn\u00e1 se o v\u011bc skrytou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jestli\u017ee by vlastn\u00edk o \u00fakrytu v\u011bci v\u011bd\u011bl, n\u00e1lezce by nem\u011bl pr\u00e1vo na n\u00e1lezn\u00e9. Pokud by v\u0161ak nebylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9, komu poklad pat\u0159\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee si n\u00e1lezce p\u0159ij\u00edt na p\u011bknou odm\u011bnu. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mus\u00ed n\u00e1lez ozn\u00e1mit vlastn\u00edkovi pozemku a obci, kde jste v\u011bc nalezli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud v\u011bc nep\u0159ipadne ze z\u00e1kona st\u00e1tu, kraji \u010di obci, dohodnou se vlastn\u00edk pozemku a n\u00e1lezce, kdo si v\u011bc nech\u00e1. Druh\u00e9mu vyplat\u00ed \u00bd ceny v\u011bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e se nedohodnou, p\u0159ipadne v\u011bc vlastn\u00edkovi pozemku, a ten zaplat\u00ed \u00bd ceny n\u00e1lezci<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plat\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdjimky: nap\u0159. archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy jsou vlastnictv\u00edm kraje. Pokud by byly nalezeny p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9m obc\u00ed (p\u0159\u00edp. st\u00e1tem), p\u0159ipadly by obci (p\u0159\u00edp. st\u00e1tu). N\u00e1lezce by v\u0161ak st\u00e1le m\u011bl pr\u00e1vo na n\u00e1lezn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1le V\u00e1m nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak\u00e9 jsou dal\u0161\u00ed kroky po naleznut\u00ed v\u011bci nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ete? Kontaktujte<\/a> zku\u0161en\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edka.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Co kdy\u017e najdu v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 nikomu nepat\u0159\u00ed? T\u0159eba poklad. Mohu si ho nechat nebo n\u011bkam p\u0159edat? Jak\u00e1 jsou pr\u00e1va a povinnosti n\u00e1lezce? V\u011bc opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 vs. v\u011bc ztracen\u00e1 Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 v\u011bc Opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm v\u011bci vlastn\u00edk projev\u00ed v\u016fli neb\u00fdt nad\u00e1le vlastn\u00edkem v\u011bci. Pokud jde o movitou v\u011bc, opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm se st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u011bc\u00ed bez vlastn\u00edka \u2013 nikomu nepat\u0159\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci je to jinak \u2013 p\u0159ipad\u00e1 do vlastnictv\u00ed st\u00e1tu. Pokud tomu nebr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vo jin\u00e9ho nebo z\u00e1kon, v\u011bc bez vlastn\u00edka si m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli p\u0159ivlastnit \u2013 t\u00edm \u017ee \u201eovl\u00e1dne\u201c v\u011bc a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ji chce \u201em\u00edt pro sebe\u201c. Nap\u0159. pokud by n\u011bkdo odhodil sv\u016fj star\u00fd svetr (bylo by z\u0159ejm\u00e9,<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":368,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-obcanske-pravo"],"yoast_head":"\nCo d\u011blat, kdy\u017e najdete v\u011bc, zv\u00ed\u0159e nebo poklad? - HW LEGAL Advok\u00e1tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 Brno<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Co kdy\u017e najdu v\u011bc, kter\u00e1 nikomu nepat\u0159\u00ed? T\u0159eba poklad. Mohu si ho nechat nebo n\u011bkam p\u0159edat? 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